UK nuclear weapons capability |
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【Overview】 | |||||
Of the nuclear weapon states under the NPT, the UK is known to have the smallest nuclear arsenal. On May 26, 2010, the British government announced to its Parliament that its stockpile of Trident missle warheads, the only nuclear weapons in its possession, would not exceed 225 warheads in number, and that the number of nuclear warheads it would keep operational would be 160 or less (Hague, William 2010). On October 19, 2010, the British “Strategic Defence and Security Review” (SDSR) reconfirmed the upper limit of 225 warheads and further stated that the number of warheads would be reduced to 180 or fewer by the mid-2020s (Office of the Prime Minister 2010). On January 20, 2015, during a parliamentary session, it was revealed that operationally deployed warheads had been reduced to 120. This figure was also confirmed in a government report submitted to the 2015 NPT Review Conference (Government of the U.K. 2015). The total number of 215 warheads is derived from Kristensen’s tabulation (Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2018). The UK is in the process of providing its only nuclear weapon with a next-generation upgrade. While the first of the UK’s next-generation Dreadnought class of strategic nuclear submarine entered design phase in 2011, delays in construction suggest the first submarine entering service in the early 2030s(Ainslie, John 2016; Scott, Richard 2018). Production of warheads to be deployed will be decided in 2019. The running cost of the Trident programme is currently GBP 2 billion (JPY 290 billion) per annum. The construction cost of a new submarine is GBP 31 billion (JPY 4.5 trillion). In addition, it will likely cost the UK further GBP 1.2-1.4 billion to maintain its current nuclear submarines into the 2030s (Fenton, Janet 2018). | |||||
Updated : June 1, 2019 | |||||
Click here for pdf version of this table. | |||||
Type / designation | Yield (kt) | No. of warheads | Remarks | ||
Deployed | 120 | ||||
Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) 1) | 120 | ||||
Trident II D5 2) | 100 | 120 | 3) | ||
Reserve / nondeployed | 95 | ||||
SLBM | 95 | ||||
Total inventory | 215 | ||||
【Notes】 | |||||
1) | Carried by four Vanguard-class* strategic nuclear submarines. Whereas each is capable of carrying 16 Trident II (D-5) missiles, the per-vessel capacity is now being reduced both to eight missiles and 40 warheads (from 48) (Government of the U.K. 2015). One vessel is continuously on sea patrol for deterrent readiness (CASD: Continuous At-Sea Deterrent) (Kristensen, Hans & Norris, Robert S. 2011). A single missile is armed with an average of three warheads. * Vanguard-class submarine: These are the latest strategic nuclear submarines made in the U.K., and there are four of them. The first of this class, the Vanguard, was deployed operationally in December 1994, the second, the Victorious, in December 1995, the third, the Vigilant, in June 1998, and the fourth and last, the Vengeance, in February 2001. The design service life is said to be 25 years (Ainslie, John, 2016). Accordingly, the first ship will have reached its end by 2020. |
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2) | The D-5 is made in the U.S. and has a range of 7,400 km. The U.K. maintains 50 of them. This is an adequate number for three vessels with 48 missiles in total. Whereas one D-5 can carry a maximum of 12 warheads, five warheads are carried on average, as cited above. These W76s are equivalent to the U.S. W76 and, while the other key components are sourced from the U.S., their high explosive is UK-manufactured. So this is a joint Anglo-American product (Ainslie, John 2015). In June 2016, a D-5 was test-fired from a submarine, for the first time in four years, off the coast of Florida but the outcome was a failure. The fact remained undisclosed until January 2017, when it was leaked to the press, creating political fallout (Sunday Times 2017; BBC 2017). |
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3) | The nuclear submarine on patrol carries 40 warheads, and the count of operational warheads for three vessels are 120 warheads. This means that the 2010 reduction plan was completed as projected (Office of the Prime Minister 2010; Government of the U.K. 2015). | ||||
【Source】 | |||||
Ainslie, John 2015: Chapter ‘United Kingdom,’ "Assuring Destruction Forever: 2015 EDITION," edited by Ray Acheson, 2015, Reaching Critical Will. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Publications/modernization/assuring-destruction-forever-2015.pdf (accessed May 18, 2019) |
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Ainslie, John 2016: “Trident Shambles,” Scottish CND, March 2016. http://www.banthebomb.org/images/stories/pdfs/shambles.pdf (accessed May 18, 2019) | |||||
BBC 2017: “Trident: Defense Secretary refuses to give test missiles details,” 23 January 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-38714047 (accessed May 18, 2019) |
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Fenton, Janet 2018: Chapter ‘United Kingdom,’ "Assuring Destruction Forever: 2018 EDITION," edited by Allison Pytlak, April 2018, Reaching Critical Will. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Publications/modernization/assuring-destruction-forever-2018.pdf (accessed May 18, 2019) |
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Fenton, Janet 2019: Chapter ‘United Kingdom,’ "Assuring Destruction Forever: 2019 EDITION," edited by Allison Pytlak, April 2019, Reaching Critical Will. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Publications/modernization/assuring-destruction-forever-2019.pdf (accessed May 18, 2019) |
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Government of the U.K. 2015: "National report on the implementation of actions 5, 20, 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; Report submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (NPT/CONF.2015/29) 22 April 2015. | |||||
Hague, William 2010: Statement on foreign affairs and defense. Daily Hansard, 26 May, 2010. | |||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Korda, Matt 2019: "Status of World Nuclear Forces," Website of FAS. http://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ (accessed May 18, 2019) | |||||
Kristensen, Hans M. & Norris, Robert S. 2011: “British Nuclear Forces, 2011,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 67, #5, 2011. http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/5/89.full (accessed May 18, 2019) | |||||
Office of the Prime Minister 2010: “Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review,” October, 2010. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62482/strategic-defence-security-review.pdf (accessed May 18, 2019) | |||||
Scott, Richard 2018: “UK Dreadnought submarine programme within budget and on track, says latest MoD report,” Jane’s 360, December 31, 2018. https://www.janes.com/article/85436/uk-dreadnought-submarine-programme-within-budget-and-on-track-says-latest-mod-report (accessed May 18, 2019) | |||||
Sunday Times 2017: “No 10 covered up Trident Missile fiasco,” 22 January 2017. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/no-10-covered-up-trident-missile-fiasco-hch3shsrn (accessed May 18, 2019) |
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©RECNA Nuclear Warhead Data Monitoring Team |